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The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. It consists of a renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus (a network of capillaries) and Bowman’s capsule (a cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus), and a renal tubule, which consists of proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. The nephron regulates the concentration of electrolytes and water in the body by reabsorbing essential substances from the filtrate and secreting waste products into the urine.