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Drosophila melanogaster is a small common fly species, which belongs to the family Drosophilidae. This species is generally known as the vinegar fly or a fruit fly.
In the year 1830, Drosophila melanogaster was established as a key model organism for biomedical science and it is due to the considerable biological similarity to mammals and an abundance of available genetic tools.
Like humans, these fruit flies species have a similar distribution of chromosomes. An individual with a pair of X chromosomes is female fruit fly and an individual with one X and one Y chromosome is male.