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An R package is a collection of functions, code, data, and documentation, representing an extension of the R programming language and designed for solving specific kinds of tasks. R comes with a bunch of preinstalled packages, and other packages can be installed by users from repositories. The most popular centralized repository storing thousands of various R packages is called Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).
To install an R package directly from CRAN, we need to pass the package name enclosed in quotation marks to the install.packages() function, as follows: install.packages(“package_name”). To install more than one package from CRAN in one go, we need to use a character vector containing the package names enclosed in quotation marks, as follows: install.packages(c(“package_name_1”, “package_name_2”). To install an R package manually, we need first to download the package as a zip file on our computer and then run the install.packages() function: