How does rain influence soil composition, structure, and fertility through processes such as erosion, leaching, and nutrient cycling?

Rainfall affects soil composition, structure, and fertility through various processes such as erosion, leaching, and nutrient cycling. Heavy rainfall can erode soil particles and transport sediment, altering soil texture and structure over time. Leaching of nutrients occurs when rainwater percolates through the soil, carrying dissolved minerals downward and affecting soil fertility. Rainfall also promotes nutrient cycling by facilitating microbial activity, organic matter decomposition, and nutrient uptake by plants, contributing to soil health and productivity.