How does iron deficiency impact the function of the immune system, susceptibility to infections, and the body's ability to mount an effective immune response, particularly in vulnerable populations such as infants, elderly individuals, and individuals with chronic diseases?

Iron deficiency can weaken the immune system, impairing immune cell function, antibody production, and host defense mechanisms against pathogens. Vulnerable populations may experience increased susceptibility to infections, prolonged recovery times, and more severe illness due to iron deficiency-related immune dysfunction.