How do ocean acidification and coral bleaching threaten marine ecosystems, and what are the implications for biodiversity and global climate regulation?

Ocean acidification, primarily caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, poses a severe threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. As carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, leading to a decrease in pH levels and increased acidity. Coral bleaching, often triggered by rising sea temperatures and exacerbated by ocean acidification, occurs when coral reefs expel symbiotic algae, leading to the loss of their vibrant colors and vital nutrients. These processes not only harm coral reefs but also disrupt marine food chains, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Additionally, coral reefs play a crucial role in global climate regulation by absorbing carbon dioxide and providing habitat for numerous marine species. Protecting coral reefs and addressing the root causes of ocean acidification are essential for preserving marine biodiversity and mitigating the impacts of climate change.