How did people manage household chores and tasks before the invention of modern appliances like washing machines and vacuum cleaners?

Before modern appliances, household chores were much more labor-intensive. Washing clothes was done by hand using washboards and tubs, and clothes were dried on lines. Sweeping was done with brooms, and carpets were cleaned using beaters or manually shaken. Tasks like cooking and heating were managed with wood stoves or fireplaces, and cleaning often required a great deal of manual effort.