Analyze the role of geographic information systems (GIS) in urban planning and the challenges associated with integrating GIS data from multiple sources.

Geographic information systems (GIS) play a vital role in urban planning by providing tools for spatial analysis, visualization, and decision-making. GIS can integrate data on land use, infrastructure, population density, and environmental factors to inform urban development strategies. Challenges include data compatibility, accuracy, and standardization, as well as the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that GIS data from multiple sources can be effectively combined and utilized.