Analyze the legal challenges in enforcing international environmental laws, particularly in the context of transboundary pollution and climate change.

Enforcing international environmental laws involves complex challenges due to sovereignty issues, differing national interests, and the global nature of many environmental problems. Transboundary pollution and climate change require cooperative international approaches, yet enforcing agreements like the Paris Agreement faces hurdles such as lack of binding enforcement mechanisms and varying capabilities and motivations of countries to implement changes. Effective enforcement often relies on diplomatic pressure, economic incentives, and international courts, which can vary in their effectiveness and lead to significant implementation gaps.