Write a note on the zamindari system in India.
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Zamindari system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in India in the year 1793 via the Permanent Settlement Act (PSA). It was introduced in the provinces of Varanasi, Bihar, Bengal, and Orissa. The zamindars were considered and recognised as the landlords as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly.
British primarily adopted three types of land tenure systems, namely:
Zamindari system: On an average, it covered 19% of the total area under the British rule – Benaras, NWFP divisions, Bihar, and Bengal.
Ryotwari system: It covered about 51% of the area under the British rule – Madras, Bombay, and Assam.
Mahalwari system: It covered 30% of the area under the British rule – Major parts of NWFP, central provinces, and Punjab.