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The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon winds moves towards northeast and return westwards covering the northern plains. While they move towards west their moisture contains tends to reduce with subsequent rains. Hence the rainfall decreases from east to west in northern India.
Rainfall decreases from east to west in Northern India because the Bay of Bengal branch of the Southwest Monsoon winds moves from east to west across the Northern Plains. As these moisture-laden winds travel westward, they gradually lose their moisture through rainfall. Therefore, the amount of moisture in the winds decreases as they move farther west. Hence, eastern parts of Northern India receive more rainfall, while western parts receive less rainfall. Rainfall decreases from east to west because the monsoon winds lose moisture as they travel westward across Northern India.
The rainfall decreases from east to west in Northern India mainly because of moisture loss in the monsoon winds as they travel inland.
Source of moisture: The Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon enters India from the northeastern side and moves across the Gangetic plains.
Progressive moisture loss: As these moisture-bearing winds move further and further inland, they exhaust most of the moisture they carry along with them, leading to a progressive decrease in humidity. By the time the winds reach the northwestern part of India, they don’t have much moisture left.
Result: This gradual decline in humidity causes rainfall to decrease steadily from east to west, with regions like Rajasthan and Punjab receiving comparatively very little rainfall.