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The piano, as we know it today, was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori, an Italian instrument maker, around the year 1700. Cristofori’s invention was called the “gravicembalo col piano e forte,” which translates to “harpsichord with soft and loud” in English. This early version of the piano was capable of both soft and loud dynamics, achieved through the use of a hammer mechanism striking the strings, unlike the plucking mechanism of the harpsichord.
Cristofori’s invention laid the foundation for the modern piano, which gradually evolved over the 18th and 19th centuries to become the instrument we know today. His innovative design and craftsmanship were crucial in transforming keyboard instruments and making possible the expressive range of the piano.