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After India’s independence in 1947, several princely states initially refused to join the Indian Union. Some of the notable ones include:
Hyderabad: The Nizam of Hyderabad resisted joining India and sought to remain an independent state until military action (Operation Polo) was taken in September 1948 to integrate it into India.
Jammu and Kashmir: Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir delayed accession to India, wanting to remain independent. After an invasion by tribal militias from Pakistan, he eventually signed the Instrument of Accession to India in October 1947.
Junagadh: The Nawab of Junagadh initially opted to join Pakistan. However, after a referendum in early 1948, the majority of the population chose to join India, leading to the integration of Junagadh into the Indian Union.
Bhopal: The Nawab of Bhopal was hesitant to join India but ultimately agreed to join after negotiations in 1949.
Gwalior: The Scindia family ruled Gwalior and initially hesitated before agreeing to merge with India.
Travancore: The Maharaja of Travancore announced plans for independence in June 1947 but eventually agreed to accede to India in January 1949.
Mysore: The Wadiyar dynasty of Mysore was initially uncertain about joining India but later agreed in 1948.