What were some of the key philosophical schools and intellectual traditions that emerged during the Vedic and post-Vedic periods, and how did they influence Indian thought?

The Vedic and post-Vedic periods saw the emergence of philosophical schools such as Vedanta, Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, and Vaisheshika, which explored metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical questions. These philosophical traditions contributed to the diversity and richness of Indian thought, influencing religious, social, and cultural developments.