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Urban residents commonly used horse-drawn streetcars and carriages for transportation within cities.
In the 19th century, urban transportation in the United States and Europe was shaped by several technological developments, including:
Horseback: At the beginning of the century, most people traveled by horseback.
Rivers: People also traveled on rivers.
Roads: Crude roads were built, followed by canals.
Railroads: Railroads crisscrossed the country, moving people and goods more efficiently.
Omnibuses: In the 1830s, omnibus services were introduced in London and Paris. These horse-drawn vehicles could carry up to 20 passengers.
Horsecars: These were found in small cities and towns in the United States. A common variety held 30 passengers.
Cable and electric railways: These gradually replaced horsecars in the 1890s.