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What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in population genetics?
What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in population genetics?
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The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a mathematical model that describes how allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences. It serves as a baseline to determine if and how a population is evolving by comparing observed genetic variation to the equilibrium expectations. The equilibrium assumes no mutation, migration, genetic drift, or selection, and random mating occurs.