What is the purpose of a turbocharger in an automotive engine, and how does it improve engine performance by increasing power output and efficiency?

A turbocharger is a device that increases the airflow into an engine’s combustion chamber by compressing the incoming air using a turbine driven by exhaust gases. By compressing the air, a turbocharger increases the amount of oxygen available for combustion, allowing more fuel to be burned and generating more power. This process, known as forced induction, enhances engine performance by increasing power output without significantly increasing engine displacement, resulting in improved efficiency and reduced emissions.