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The with() function evaluates an R expression on one or more variables of a data frame and outputs the result without modifying the data frame. The within() function evaluates an R expression on one or more variables of a data frame, modifies the data frame, and outputs the result. Below we can see how these functions work using a sample data frame as an example:
df <- data.frame(a = c(1, 2, 3), b = c(10, 20, 30))
print(df)
with(df, a * b)
print(within(df, c <- a * b))