What is reflex arc ?
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A reflex arc is a neural pathway that mediates a reflex action, which is an automatic response to a stimulus without conscious involvement. The reflex arc consists of:
1. Receptor: Detects the stimulus (e.g., sensory nerve endings).
2. Sensory neuron: Transmits the signal from the receptor to the spinal cord or brain.
3. Integration center: Processes the information and determines the response (e.g., spinal cord or brain).
4. Motor neuron: Carries the signal from the integration center to the effector.
5. Effector: Performs the reflex action (e.g., muscle contraction or gland secretion).
The reflex arc allows for rapid responses to stimuli, bypassing conscious thought. Examples of reflexes include:
– Withdrawal reflex (e.g., pulling your hand away from a hot surface)
– Stretch reflex (e.g., knee jerk response)
– Blinking reflex (e.g., responding to a sudden bright light)
– Salivary reflex (e.g., salivating in response to food)
Reflexes are essential for maintaining homeostasis, protecting the body from harm, and facilitating automatic functions like breathing and digestion.