What is punnett square ?
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The Punnett square is a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given. In its simplest form, the Punnett square consists of a square divided into four quadrants.
A Punnett square is a graphical tool used in genetics to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring of a cross between two parents. It is a square diagram that shows all possible combinations of alleles (genes) that can result from a cross.
The Punnett square is used to:
1. Determine the probability of inheritance of specific traits
2. Predict the likelihood of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring
3. Visualize the segregation of alleles during meiosis
4. Calculate the probability of recessive and dominant traits
The square is constructed by:
1. Listing the alleles of one parent along the top and sides
2. Filling in the possible combinations of alleles in the squares
3. Counting the number of each combination to determine probability
Punnett squares are useful for predicting the outcomes of breeding experiments, understanding the genetics of traits, and counseling individuals about genetic risks.