What is our cell membrane is made up of?

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged with their hydrophilic (water-attracting) phosphate heads facing outward toward the aqueous environment and their hydrophobic (water-repelling) fatty acid tails facing inward, away from water.

In addition to phospholipids, the cell membrane also contains other lipids such as cholesterol, which helps maintain membrane fluidity and stability. Proteins embedded within or attached to the phospholipid bilayer play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including transport, signaling, and cell recognition. Carbohydrates are also present on the outer surface of the membrane, often attached to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids), serving as recognition sites and playing roles in cell-cell communication and immune responses.

Overall, the cell membrane is a dynamic structure composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, functioning as a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell while facilitating communication and interactions with the extracellular environment.