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The exact cause of PCOD remains unclear, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. Insulin resistance, where cells become less responsive to insulin, is often a key factor in PCOD. This leads to an overproduction of insulin, which in turn stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens (male hormones) such as testosterone. The excess androgens disrupt the normal menstrual cycle and follicle development, leading to the formation of ovarian cysts and other symptoms associated with PCOD.