What are the stages of grief according to the dual-process model?

Most people will experience normal grief as a back-and-forth between loss-oriented and restoration-oriented responses. Coined the Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement by Stroebe and Schut (Death Studies, 1999), this natural process helps us find the balance between facing the reality of our loss and learning to reengage with our life after loss. This balancing act explains why many of us feel like we are on an emotional roller coaster, and you may find it helpful to know that this, too, is normal.

Loss-oriented responses include grieving, crying, thinking about your loved one, and that strong desire to curl up under the covers and never come out.

Restoration-oriented responses include learning new skills, such as how to manage the family finances, forming new relationships, and taking on roles your loved one may have left vacant. During restoration-oriented activities, you are able to focus on day-to-day tasks and get at least temporary relief from the emotional drain of your loss.