What are the most promising renewable energy technologies for achieving carbon neutrality, and what challenges need to be addressed for their widespread adoption?

The most promising renewable energy technologies for achieving carbon neutrality include:

1. **Electrification of Transportation**: Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce reliance on fossil fuels⁵.
2. **Advanced Batteries**: Developing energy storage solutions to support intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind¹.
3. **Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)**: Capturing carbon emissions from power plants and industrial processes for storage or use in other applications⁴.
4. **Hydrogen and Hydrogen-related Fuels**: Using hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, particularly for sectors that are hard to electrify⁴.
5. **Bioenergy**: Utilizing organic materials for energy production, with carbon capture to achieve negative emissions⁴.
6. **Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems**: Harnessing solar energy through PV panels for electricity generation⁷.