What are the main threats to marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, and estuaries, and what conservation strategies are needed to protect marine biodiversity and ecosystem services?

Marine ecosystems face threats such as habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, climate change, and ocean acidification, endangering biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Conservation strategies include marine protected areas, sustainable fisheries management, habitat restoration, pollution control measures, and climate change mitigation efforts to safeguard marine biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of marine resources for future generations.