What are the main threats to marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and how do conservation efforts such as marine protected areas, sustainable fisheries management, and habitat restoration contribute to marine conservation and ocean sustainability?

Marine ecosystems face threats such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and invasive species, endangering marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Conservation efforts aim to mitigate these threats through measures such as establishing marine protected areas (MPAs), implementing sustainable fisheries management practices, reducing plastic pollution, restoring coastal habitats, and promoting ocean literacy and stewardship. Marine conservation efforts are essential for preserving marine biodiversity, safeguarding ecosystem health, and ensuring sustainable use of marine resources for present and future generations.