What are the claims made by those who believe the moon landing was faked, and how has this theory been debunked?

Proponents of the moon landing hoax theory claim that the Apollo missions were staged by NASA, citing anomalies in photographs, such as shadows and the absence of stars. They argue that such inconsistencies suggest a fabrication. This theory has been debunked by evidence such as retroreflectors left on the moon that reflect laser beams from Earth, and extensive mission records and testimonies from the thousands involved, making it clear that the landings were real.