What are some ecological benefits of rainwater retention and infiltration in urban green spaces such as parks, gardens, and green infrastructure?

Rainwater retention and infiltration in urban green spaces provide ecological benefits such as groundwater recharge, habitat creation, stormwater management, and urban heat island mitigation. Green infrastructure features such as permeable surfaces, vegetated swales, and rain gardens help retain rainwater on-site, reducing runoff, flooding, and pollution while enhancing biodiversity, ecosystem services, and urban resilience to climate change.