What are Endothelial Cells?
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Endothelial cells are specialized cells that form the inner lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Morphologically, endothelial cells are flattened cells that are selectively permeable. These cells form a barrier between the blood and its surrounding tissues. This maintains vascular homeostasis.
Structurally, endothelial cells are tightly connected by junction proteins. These regulates cellular permeability. This enables the exchange of adequate oxygen, nutritional supply, hormones, and the removal of metabolic waste. These cells act as passive barriers as well as metabolically active elements that participate in numerous physiological processes.