What are allergies?

Allergies are an overreaction of the immune system to substances that are usually harmless. These substances, known as allergens, can trigger an allergic reaction in some individuals. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods, insect venom, and medications.

When a person with allergies comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat and produces antibodies to fight it off. This immune response can lead to symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, skin rashes, swelling, or difficulty breathing. The severity of allergic reactions can vary from mild to severe and life-threatening (anaphylaxis).

Allergies can develop at any age and may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Some people may have allergies to multiple allergens, while others may have seasonal allergies triggered by specific pollen during certain times of the year.

Treatment for allergies typically involves avoiding allergens when possible, using medications like antihistamines or nasal sprays to alleviate symptoms, and in some cases, undergoing allergy testing and receiving allergy shots (immunotherapy) to help desensitize the immune system to specific allergens.

If you suspect that you have allergies or are experiencing symptoms of an allergic reaction, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or allergist for proper diagnosis and management.