How do metamaterials manipulate light at the nanoscale to achieve exotic optical properties, such as negative refractive index, cloaking, and super-resolution imaging? What are the potential applications of metamaterials in photonics, telecommunications, and sensing technologies?

Metamaterials are artificially engineered materials with tailored electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials. They can manipulate light at the nanoscale through precise control of material composition, structure, and geometry. Potential applications include ultrathin lenses, optical cloaks, photonic integrated circuits, and enhanced sensors for biomedical and environmental monitoring.