How do elephant herds communicate over long distances, and what are some of the methods they use to convey messages to each other?

Elephants communicate over long distances using a combination of vocalizations, low-frequency sounds called infrasound, and physical gestures. Infrasound can travel several kilometers and is used for long-range communication between herds. They also use rumbling sounds, trumpeting, and growling to convey different messages. Additionally, elephants use tactile communication, such as touching and caressing, to reinforce social bonds within their herd.