How do climate change and ocean acidification synergistically affect marine biodiversity and fisheries, and what are the socio-economic implications for coastal communities?

Climate change and ocean acidification synergistically stress marine ecosystems by altering water temperatures, pH levels, and nutrient cycles, leading to habitat loss, shifts in species distributions, and declining fish stocks. These impacts threaten marine biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities dependent on fisheries. Socio-economic implications include reduced food security, economic losses, and increased vulnerability to climate extremes, necessitating adaptive management strategies and international cooperation.