How can quantum cellular automata be utilized to simulate complex quantum systems, and what advantages do they offer over classical cellular automata in this regard?

Quantum cellular automata can simulate complex quantum systems by naturally incorporating quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. They offer advantages over classical cellular automata by efficiently simulating quantum processes that are intractable for classical systems, such as the dynamics of many-body quantum states and quantum phase transitions. This is due to their ability to represent and manipulate exponentially large state spaces with polynomial resources.