How can individuals protect themselves from common illnesses like colds and the flu?

protect themselves from common illnesses like colds and the flu, individuals can:

Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing or sneezing, or use hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.
Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
Practice respiratory hygiene by covering mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of tissues properly.
Avoid touching face, especially eyes, nose, and mouth, with unwashed hands.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, balanced diet, adequate sleep, and managing stress.
Get vaccinated against the flu annually.
Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces at home, school, or work.
Stay home if feeling unwell to avoid spreading illness to others.
Use masks, particularly in crowded or high-risk settings, to reduce the risk of respiratory droplet transmission.
Follow public health guidelines and recommendations during outbreaks or epidemics.