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The female gametophyte, also known as the embryo sac, plays a crucial role in plant reproduction. Its main functions are:
1. Megaspore development: The female gametophyte develops from one of the four megaspores produced during megasporogenesis.
2. Egg cell formation: The female gametophyte contains the egg cell, which is the female gamete responsible for fertilization.
3. Central cell formation: The female gametophyte also contains the central cell, which fusion with a sperm cell forms the endosperm.
4. Fertilization: The female gametophyte provides a receptive site for pollen tube growth and fertilization.
5. Embryo development: After fertilization, the female gametophyte supports the development of the embryo and endosperm.
6. Nutrient supply: The female gametophyte provides nutrients and resources for the developing embryo and endosperm.
7. Hormone regulation: The female gametophyte produces hormones that regulate embryo development and seed growth.
In summary, the female gametophyte plays a vital role in plant sexual reproduction, supporting the development of the female gamete, fertilization, and seed formation.