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Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of chlorides, bromides or acetates. A cationic component of these detergents consists of a long hydrocarbon chain and the nitrogen atom has a positive charge in it.
Examples: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is a popular cationic detergent and is used in hair conditioners.
Anionic detergent is a synthetic detergent in which a lipophilic hydrocarbon group of the molecule is an anion. A detergent molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain and a water-soluble negative ionic group i.e sodium salts of the long-chain sulfonated alcohols or hydrocarbons.
Example: Sodium alkyl sulphates and Sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates