Explain the concept of linguistic typology and how it classifies languages based on structural features and typological universals.

Linguistic typology categorizes languages based on structural features like word order, morphological complexity, and grammatical categories. Typological universals are recurrent patterns found across languages, such as subject-verb-object word order or tense-aspect distinctions. Typological studies reveal cross-linguistic variation and commonalities, informing theories of language universals and language diversity.