Explain the concept of flow control and congestion control in TCP. How do they differ and how do they contribute to reliable data transmission?

Flow control in TCP regulates the rate of data transmission between sender and receiver to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed. It is achieved through techniques like sliding window and TCP’s advertised window mechanism. Congestion control, on the other hand, manages the network congestion by dynamically adjusting the transmission rate based on network conditions, as indicated by packet loss and round-trip time. Techniques such as slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery are employed to maintain network stability and avoid congestion collapse.