Discuss the cultivation and harvesting techniques used in kiwifruit production, including trellising, pruning, and post-harvest handling.

Kiwifruit is typically grown in temperate climates with well-drained soil and ample sunlight. Cultivation practices include trellising vines to support growth, improve air circulation, and facilitate harvesting, as well as pruning to manage vine vigor, promote fruit production, and maintain orchard health. Kiwifruit is harvested when fully mature but still firm, usually in late summer or early fall, and is carefully handled to minimize damage and bruising. Post-harvest treatments may include washing, sorting, grading, and storage under controlled conditions to maintain freshness, quality, and shelf life for market distribution.