Discuss the chemistry and application techniques behind "contouring" and "highlighting" in makeup, including the use of different textures and formulations to enhance facial features.

Contouring and highlighting are makeup techniques used to sculpt and define facial features by manipulating light and shadow. Contouring involves using a darker shade of makeup, such as cream or powder bronzer, to create the illusion of shadows and add depth to areas of the face, such as the hollows of the cheeks, temples, and jawline. Highlighting, on the other hand, involves using a lighter shade of makeup, such as illuminating powder or liquid highlighter, to accentuate the high points of the face, such as the cheekbones, brow bones, and cupid’s bow, and create a luminous, radiant glow. These techniques can be applied using brushes, sponges, or fingers and blended seamlessly for a natural-looking finish.