Describe the concept of game AI and the techniques used to create intelligent and challenging non-player characters (NPCs).

Game AI refers to the algorithms and techniques used to create intelligent and responsive NPCs. Techniques include finite state machines (FSMs) for simple behavior management, behavior trees for hierarchical decision-making, pathfinding algorithms like A* for navigation, and machine learning for adaptive behaviors. These techniques enable NPCs to react dynamically to player actions, providing challenging and immersive gameplay experiences.