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Bacteria and fungi are collectively called decomposers or saprotrophs. These organisms play a crucial role in ecosystems by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms and waste materials into simpler substances. This decomposition process releases nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus back into the soil, water, or air, where they can be reused by plants and other organisms. Thus, bacteria and fungi are vital for nutrient cycling and the recycling of organic matter in ecosystems.