A “dwarf planet,” as defined by the International Astronomical Union, is a celestial body in direct orbit of the Sun that is massive enough that its shape is controlled by gravitational forces rather than mechanical forces (and is thus ellipsoid in shape), but has not cleared its neighboring region of other objects.

So, the three criteria of the IAU for a full-sized planet are:

1. It is in orbit around the Sun.
2. It has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape).
3. It has “cleared the neighborhood” around its orbit.

Pluto meets only two of these criteria, losing out on the third. In all the billions of years it has lived there, it has not managed to clear its neighborhood. This means that the planet has become gravitationally dominant — there are no other bodies of comparable size other than its own satellites or those otherwise under its gravitational influence, in its vicinity in space.

So any large body that does not meet these criteria is now classed as a “dwarf planet,” and that includes Pluto, which shares its orbital neighborhood with Kuiper belt objects such as the plutinos.

Chikungunya virus was first isolated in 1952 during an outbreak in the Makonde plateau in Tanzania. The virus was first described during an outbreak in a Swahili village in the Newala district of Tanzania. The name “chikungunya” comes from a Makonde word meaning “to become contorted”.

It is a mosquito-borne viral disease that causes fever and severe joint pain. It is transmitted to humans by the bites of infected female mosquitoes, most commonly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Brahmaputra is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, the Brahmaputra/Luit in Assamese, Siang/Dihang in Arunachali, and the Jamuna in Bangladesh.

It is the 9th largest river in the world by discharge, and the 15th longest. It originates from the Chemayungdung ranges near Manasarovar of the Himalayas. After flowing through Tibet, it enters India at Bishing as ‘Siang’.