The 12th Lok Sabha had the shortest duration in the history of Indian parliament. The duration of the 12th Lok Sabha was from 10 March 1998 – 26 April 1999.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the 10th Prime Minister of India but the government lasted for only about thirteen months due to no clear mandate. Also, the party was not able to get support from other parties, after the withdrawal of support by AIADMK.

After his resignation, then President K. R. Narayanan asked Sonia Gandhi, the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha to form the government; however, Gandhi responded that the UPA would not be able to form a government at the center, following which President Narayanan dissolved the House. The next General elections of 1999 for 13th Lok Sabha provided India a stable government that lasted for full five years.

The National Flag of India was adopted in its present form during the meeting of Constituent Assembly held on the 22 July 1947, a few days before India’s independence from the British on 15 August, 1947.

It served as the national flag of the Dominion of India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950 and that of the Republic of India thereafter. In India, the term “tricolour” refers to the Indian national flag.

Guru Nanak was the first Sikh Guru.

Nanak is said to have travelled far and wide across Asia teaching people the message of Ik Onkar( ‘One God’), who dwells in every one of his creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. With this concept, he would set up a unique spiritual, social, and political platform based on equality, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue.

Nanak’s words are registered in the form of 974 poetic hymns, or shabad, in the holy religious scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib. It is part of Sikh religious belief that the spirit of Nanak’s sanctity, divinity, and religious authority had descended upon each of the nine subsequent Gurus when the Guruship was devolved on to them.

Rabi crops are sown only in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. Eg, wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.

Kharif crops are only grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country, and these are harvested only in September-October. Eg: Rice, arhar, maize, black gram etc.

Rabi crops rely on irrigation and residual soil moisture. Kharif crops are primarily dependent on monsoon rains.

Rabi crops require cooler temperatures, moderate moisture for growth. Kharif crops require warm and wet conditions, and high rainfall for growth.

Rabi crops are long-day plants. Kharif crops are short-day plants.

The Learning Pyramid was first created by education specialist Edgar Dale in the 1940s. In his book “Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching”, Dale referred to it as the “Cone of Experience”.

It was later further developed and re-named “The Learning Pyramid” by National Training Laboratories Institute.

The “learning pyramid”, developed by the National Training Laboratory, suggests that most student only remember 10% of what they read from textbooks, but retain nearly 90% of what they learn through teaching others.