How does synthetic biology enable the design and engineering of biological systems with novel functions and capabilities, such as biosensors, biofuels, and gene therapies? What are the ethical, environmental, and biosecurity implications of manipulating living organisms at the molecular level?

Synthetic biology applies principles of engineering to redesign and construct biological systems for practical applications in healthcare, agriculture, industry, and environmental remediation. Ethical considerations include concerns about biosecurity, dual-use risks, environmental impact, and equity in access to biotechnologies. Regulatory frameworks and international governance mechanisms are needed to ensure responsible innovation and mitigate potential risks associated with synthetic biology.