What is the purpose of a differential in a car's drivetrain, and how does it distribute power between the wheels to accommodate differences in wheel speed during cornering and maintain traction, stability, and control on various road surfaces?

The differential is a gear mechanism located in the drivetrain that allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds while receiving power from the engine. It consists of a set of gears that transmit torque to the wheels and allow them to rotate at different speeds, such as during cornering or when driving on uneven surfaces. By enabling the wheels to spin independently, the differential ensures that power is distributed evenly and that each wheel maintains traction and stability, enhancing vehicle control and handling characteristics.