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The three layers of varying temperatures that make up the Earth are the crust, mantle, and core.
Crust: The Earth’s outermost layer, the crust, is the thinnest and coolest layer. It is composed of solid rock and is divided into two types: continental crust, which makes up the continents, and oceanic crust, which forms the ocean floors.
Mantle: Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a thick layer of hot, semi-solid rock. The mantle extends from the base of the crust to a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) beneath the Earth’s surface. It is divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle is cooler and more rigid, while the lower mantle is hotter and capable of slowly flowing over geological timescales.
Core: At the center of the Earth is the core, which is divided into two distinct layers: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is a layer of molten iron and nickel with temperatures reaching up to 9,000°F (5,000°C). The inner core, located at the very center, is solid and composed mainly of iron and nickel. It has extremely high temperatures and pressures, reaching up to 10,800°F (6,000°C).