What are the main types of plate boundaries and tectonic processes associated with plate interactions, and how do divergent boundaries (mid-ocean ridges), convergent boundaries (subduction zones, collisional boundaries), and transform boundaries (strike-slip faults) shape Earth's lithosphere, crustal deformation, seismic activity, and volcanic eruptions, influencing global tectonic activity and geological hazards?

Plate boundaries are zones where tectonic plates interact and undergo geological processes such as divergence, convergence, and transform motion. Divergent boundaries occur where plates move apart, creating mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys through seafloor spreading and volcanic activity. Convergent boundaries occur where plates collide, leading to subduction zones where one plate is forced beneath another, volcanic arcs, and mountain ranges. Collisional boundaries occur when two continental plates collide, forming large mountain belts such as the Himalayas. Transform boundaries occur where plates slide past each other horizontally, resulting in strike-slip faults and earthquakes. These tectonic processes shape Earth’s lithosphere by influencing crustal deformation, seismic activity, and volcanic eruptions. They also contribute to global tectonic activity and geological hazards, including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and mountain-building events, which pose risks to human societies and infrastructure.