What are the main goals and challenges of human colonization of Mars, and how do current space agencies plan to overcome them?

Human colonization of Mars aims to establish permanent settlements, conduct scientific research, and ensure the long-term survival of humanity beyond Earth. Challenges include radiation exposure, life support systems, transportation, habitat construction, and psychological well-being. Space agencies such as NASA and SpaceX are developing technologies for Martian exploration, including habitat prototypes, propulsion systems, and life support infrastructure.